Chronic lung disease is a broad category including inflammatory airway disorders and diffuse lung pathology. Imaging supports diagnosis by assessing bronchial pattern changes, airway wall thickening, effusion, and distribution of lesions. Radiographs are usually first-line for screening and monitoring. CT provides superior evaluation of bronchiectasis, emphysema, and subtle parenchymal disease. Ultrasound can help with pleural […]

Heart disease can affect the valves, myocardium, pericardium, or great vessels and may result in chamber enlargement, impaired contractility, arrhythmias, or congestive heart failure. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for assessing cardiac structure and function. Radiographs help evaluate pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly. CT and MRI have more limited roles.

A heart-base mass can arise from cardiac structures, mediastinum, or great vessels, producing respiratory signs or reduced cardiac output. The priority is defining location, size, and hemodynamic impact. Echocardiography (ultrasound) is typically first to evaluate chambers, pericardial effusion, and mass effects. CT helps characterize tissue planes, vascular involvement, and staging.Radiographs suggest mediastinal or cardiac silhouette […]

Lung cancer commonly presents with progressive respiratory signs due to airway obstruction, parenchymal masses, or effusions. Imaging is used to identify pulmonary lesions, assess mediastinal involvement, and detect metastasis. CT is most sensitive for small nodules, lymph nodes, and subtle masses. Radiographs are often first-line for screening and detecting overt consolidation or masses. Ultrasound is […]

Mitral valve disease causes regurgitation that leads to left atrial and pulmonary venous congestion, producing cough and respiratory signs. Imaging is aimed at confirming regurgitation and assessing cardiac remodeling. Echocardiography is the most informative for valve morphology and flow direction, allowing quantification of chamber enlargement. Radiographs evaluate pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly but don’t define valve […]